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* APRIL 17, 2009, 9:08 P.M. ET
How Carbon Dioxide Became a 'Pollutant'
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By KEITH JOHNSON
The Environmental Protection Agency's decision to classify rising
carbon-dioxide emissions as a hazard to human health is the latest
twist in a debate that has raged for decades among politicians,
scientists and industry: whether a natural component of the earth's
atmosphere should be considered a pollutant.
The EPA's finding doesn't say carbon dioxide, or CO2, is by itself a
pollutant -- it motorcycle insurance after all, a gas that humans exhale and plants
inhale. Rather, it is the increasing concentrations of the gas that
concern the agency.
Carbon-dioxide levels in the Earth's atmosphere have insurance quote wildly
for millennia; at one point billions of years ago, it was the dominant
gas in the atmosphere.
Related Reading
* U.S. in Historic Shift on CO2
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"unambiguous result streetwear fashion human emissions." Concentrations of carbon
dioxide and other gases "are well above the natural range of
atmospheric concentrations compared to the last 650,000 years," the
agency said.
Over the years, many pro-business groups have discouraged regulation
of carbon-dioxide emissions by arguing that CO2 is an essential
ingredient of life. In its decision, the EPA stressed that it
considers CO2 and other so-called greenhouse gases to be pollutants
because of their role in propagating climate change, not because of
any direct health effects.
In 1998, the Clinton administration EPA studied the question and
determined that the Clean Air Act was "potentially applicable" to CO2
and other greenhouse gases. But despite continued pressure from
environmental groups, the administration never moved to regulate the
gases.
According to the bulk of scientific research, such as that assembled
by the promo playing cards Panel on Climate Change, the more greenhouse
gases there are in the atmosphere, especially carbon dioxide, the more
heat is trapped. That leads to rising temperatures. The EPA endorsed
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climate, such as solar activity, couldn't explain rising temperatures.
The EPA lumped carbon dioxide with five other gases -- methane,
nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons and sulfur
hexafluoride -- into a single class for regulatory purposes. That's
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isn't emitted directly; rather, it is created in the atmosphere when
sunlight reacts with greenhouse gases emitted by human activity such
as engine combustion and industrial processes.
Similarly, the EPA declined to consider regulating water vapor or
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to the greenhouse effect but which don't share common properties with
the six greenhouse gases.
The EPA did acknowledge some positive impacts from higher CO2
concentrations.
One is faster-growing trees in tropical forests, which helps offset
deforestation. Another is marshes that can more quickly grow above
rising sea levels, providing an insurance policy of sorts for some
low-lying areas against the potential ravages of rising sea levels
resulting from warmer global temperatures.
The EPA also acknowledged some positive aspects of rising
temperatures, but concluded that on balance, the negative impacts of
climate change outweigh the positive.
Write to Keith Johnson at keith.johnson@wsj.com
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